A cystoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the inside of the bladder and urethra. It involves the use of a cystoscope, which is a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera on the end. Here’s an overview of what happens during a cystoscopy:

    1.    Preparation: Before the procedure, you may be asked to empty your bladder. You’ll typically lie on your back with your feet in stirrups, or you may be seated in a special chair.
    2.    Anesthesia: In some cases, local anesthesia in the form of a gel may be applied to numb the urethra, reducing discomfort during the procedure. In other cases, you might receive a general or regional anesthesia, depending on the specific situation and the extent of the procedure.
    3.    Insertion of Cystoscope: The cystoscope is inserted into the urethra and gently advanced up into the bladder. The camera on the cystoscope allows the doctor to view the bladder’s interior on a monitor.
    4.    Bladder Examination: The doctor will carefully inspect the bladder lining, looking for abnormalities, such as tumors, inflammation, or signs of infection. If necessary, small instruments can be passed through the cystoscope to collect tissue samples (biopsy) or perform treatments like the removal of small bladder stones.
    5.    Completion: Once the examination is complete, the cystoscope is removed, and you may be able to urinate to clear any residual water used during the procedure.
    6.    Recovery: After the procedure, you might experience some temporary discomfort, such as mild burning or urgency when urinating. These symptoms typically subside within a day or two. It’s essential to drink plenty of fluids to help flush any remaining residue from the procedure.

Cystoscopy is a valuable diagnostic tool for investigating a range of urinary tract issues, including recurrent urinary tract infections, blood in the urine, and unexplained lower urinary tract symptoms. Your healthcare provider will discuss the reasons for the procedure and any potential risks or follow-up care you may need based on the findings.